Free Essays on Shelly’s Relationship To Nature

â€Å"everlasting†, â€Å"forever†, and â€Å"vast† to describe things that have life. Shelly starts with the â€Å"everlasting universe† (1) as he’s looking at nature and nature becomes a symbol for the universe. There is a feeling of eternity sensed when he compares human thoughts to the sounds of water â€Å"The source of human thought its tribute brings/ Of waters,- with a sound but half its own.† (5-6). The feeling of infinity continues when he says, â€Å"Such a feeble brook will oft assume† (7). In this line Shelly refers to a â€Å"feeble brook†, that is a human perception that one gets caught up in the huger, turbulent nature, that of the universe. The world becomes too infinite, and there’s a feeling of insignificance that overcomes the human mind and soul. In the second stanza, Shelly continues to experience these uncommon feelings with nature as he’s in a trance. The trance Shelly’s in, remotes a feeling of wonder, eternity and death when he says, â€Å"With the clear universe of things around;/ One legion of wild thoughts, whose wandering wings/ Now float above thy darkness, and now rest/Where that or thou art no unbidden guest,† (40-43). There’s a sense of eternity when he mentions the â€Å"universe of things around [us]†, a feeling that we live in a l... Free Essays on Shelly’s Relationship To Nature Free Essays on Shelly’s Relationship To Nature Shelly’s Relationship to Nature In â€Å"Mont Blanc† by Percy Byssche Shelly, the speaker provides an insight into the uncommon feelings that posses him as e observes the natural world. He writes about these uncommon feelings and how they bond him to nature through his place in the natural world, and the place of nature itself in him and in the world. Finally, Shelly ends the poem with what he learns from nature and his mind as a result. In Stanza 1, Shelly interprets nature in his perspective. He begins the poem by describing the feelings that possess him when he hears the waters of nature. There’s a sense of infinity that overcomes the mind when he uses the words â€Å"everlasting†, â€Å"forever†, and â€Å"vast† to describe things that have life. Shelly starts with the â€Å"everlasting universe† (1) as he’s looking at nature and nature becomes a symbol for the universe. There is a feeling of eternity sensed when he compares human thoughts to the sounds of water â€Å"The source of human thought its tribute brings/ Of waters,- with a sound but half its own.† (5-6). The feeling of infinity continues when he says, â€Å"Such a feeble brook will oft assume† (7). In this line Shelly refers to a â€Å"feeble brook†, that is a human perception that one gets caught up in the huger, turbulent nature, that of the universe. The world becomes too infinite, and there’s a feeling of insignificance that overcomes the human mind and soul. In the second stanza, Shelly continues to experience these uncommon feelings with nature as he’s in a trance. The trance Shelly’s in, remotes a feeling of wonder, eternity and death when he says, â€Å"With the clear universe of things around;/ One legion of wild thoughts, whose wandering wings/ Now float above thy darkness, and now rest/Where that or thou art no unbidden guest,† (40-43). There’s a sense of eternity when he mentions the â€Å"universe of things around [us]†, a feeling that we live in a l...

How Racism Affects Minority Students in Public Schools

How Racism Affects Minority Students in Public Schools Institutional racism doesn’t just affect adults but children in K-12 schools as well. Anecdotes from families, research studies and discrimination lawsuits all reveal that children of color face bias in schools. They’re disciplined more harshly, less likely to be identified as gifted or to have access to quality teachers, to name but a few examples. Racism in schools has serious consequences- from fueling the school-to-prison pipeline to traumatizing children of color. Racial Disparities in Suspensions Persist Even in Preschool Black students are three times more likely to be suspended or expelled than their white peers, according to the U.S. Department of Education. And in the American South, racial disparities in punitive discipline are even greater. A 2016 report from the University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education, found that 13 Southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia) were responsible for 55 percent of the 1.2 million suspensions involving black students nationwide. These states also accounted for 50 percent of expulsions involving black students nationally, according to the report, â€Å"Disproportionate Impact of K-12 School Suspension and Expulsion on Black Students in Southern States.† The finding most indicative of racial bias is that in 84 Southern school districts, 100 percent of students suspended were black. And grade school students aren’t the only black children facing harsh forms of school discipline. Even black preschool students are more likely to be suspended than students of other races, the U.S. Department of Education found. The agency reported that while blacks make up just 18 percent of children in preschool, they represent nearly half of preschool children suspended. â€Å"I think most people would be shocked that those numbers would be true in preschool because we think of 4- and 5-years-olds as being innocent,† Judith Browne Dianis, co-director of think tank the Advancement Project told CBS News about the finding. â€Å"But we do know that schools are using zero-tolerance policies for our youngest also, that while we think our children need a head start, schools are kicking them out instead.† Preschool children sometimes engage in troublesome behavior such as kicking, hitting and biting, but quality preschools have behavior intervention plans in place to counter these forms of acting out. Furthermore, it’s highly unlikely that only black children act out in preschool, a stage in life in which kids are notorious for having temper tantrums. Given how black preschoolers are disproportionately targeted for suspensions, it’s very likely that race plays a role in which children teachers single out for punitive discipline. In fact, a study published in Psychological Science in 2016 suggests that whites begin to perceive black boys as threatening at just 5 years old, associating them with adjectives such as â€Å"violent,† â€Å"dangerous,† â€Å"hostile† and â€Å"aggressive.† The negative racial biases black children face, and the correlated high suspension rates result in African American children missing a great deal of school. This can lead to them falling behind academically, including not reading at grade level by third grade, and eventually dropping out of school. Pushing children out of class increases the chances that they will have contact with the criminal justice system. And a 2015 study published on children and suicide suggested that punitive discipline may be one of the reasons suicides among black boys are rising. Of course, black boys aren’t the only African American children targeted for punitive discipline in school. Black girls are more likely than all other female students (and some groups of boys) to be suspended or expelled as well. Minority Children Less Likely to Be Identified as Gifted Poor children and children from minority groups are not only less likely to be identified as gifted and talented but more likely to be identified as requiring special education services by teachers. A 2016 report published by the American Educational Research Association found that black third graders are half as likely as whites to participate in gifted and talented programs. Authored by Vanderbilt University scholars Jason Grissom and Christopher Redding, the report, â€Å"Discretion and Disproportionality: Explaining the Underrepresentation of High-Achieving Students of Color in Gifted Programs,† also found that Hispanic students were also about half as likely as whites to be involved in gifted programs. Why does this imply that racial bias is at play and those white students aren’t just naturally more gifted than children of color? Because when children of color have teachers of color, the chances are higher that they will be identified as gifted. This indicates that white teachers largely overlook giftedness in black and brown children. Identifying a student as gifted involves a number of considerations. Gifted children may not have the best grades in the class. In fact, they may be bored in class and underachieve as a result. But standardized test scores, portfolios of schoolwork and the ability of such children to tackle complex subjects despite tuning out in class may all be signs of giftedness. When the school district in Broward County, Florida, changed the screening criteria for identifying gifted children, officials found that the number of gifted students in all racial groups rose. Rather than rely on teacher or parent referrals for the gifted program, Broward County used a universal screening process that required that all second graders take a nonverbal test to identify them as gifted. Nonverbal tests are said to be more objective measures of giftedness than verbal tests, especially for English language learners or children who don’t use Standard English. Students who scored well on the test then moved on to I.Q. tests (which also face allegations of bias). Using the nonverbal test in combination with the I.Q. test led to the number of black and Hispanic students in the program tripling from 1 to 3 percent and 2 to 6 percent, respectively. Students of Color Less Likely to Have Qualified Teachers A mountain of research has found that poor black and brown children are the youth least likely to have highly qualified teachers. A study published in 2015 called â€Å"Uneven Playing Field? Assessing the Teacher Quality Gap Between Advantaged and Disadvantaged Students† found that in Washington, black, Hispanic and Native American youth were most likely to have teachers with the least amount of experience, the worst licensure exam scores and the poorest record of improving student test scores. Related research has found that black, Hispanic and Native American youth have less access to honors and advanced placement (AP) classes than white youth do. In particular, they are less likely to enroll in advanced science and math classes. This can reduce their chances of being admitted to a four-year college, many of which require completion of at least one high-level math class for admission. Other Ways Students of Color Face Inequalities Not only are students of color least likely to be identified as gifted and enroll in honors classes, but they are also more likely to attend schools with a greater police presence, increasing the odds that they will enter the criminal justice system. The presence of law enforcement on school campuses also increases the risk of such students being exposed to police violence. Recordings of school police slamming girls of color to the ground during altercations have recently sparked outrage across the nation. Students of color face racial microaggressions in schools as well, such as being criticized by teachers and administrators for wearing their hair in styles that reflect their cultural heritage. Both black students and Native American students have been reprimanded in schools for wearing their hair in its natural state or in braided styles. Worsening matters is that public schools are increasingly segregated, more than they were in the 1970s. Black and brown students are most likely to attend schools with other black and brown students. Poor students are most likely to attend schools with other poor students. As the nation’s racial demographics shift, these disparities pose serious risks to America’s future. Students of color comprise a growing share of public school students. If the United States is to remain a world superpower for generations, it’s incumbent upon Americans to ensure that disadvantaged students and those from ethnic minority groups receive the same standard of education that privileged students do.

Paul Brown Stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paul Brown Stadium - Essay Example The cost rose from $280 to an all inclusive costs of nearly $555 million (Albergotti & McWhirter). The county took out $1 billion in bonds to finance these projects. The county and its taxpayers are paying a hefty price for the bad decision that was made. In 2009 Hamilton County had to pay $34.9 million in costs related to the stadium deals which represent 16.4% of the county’s general fund. The normal cost to budget ratio in other counties that help finance stadiums is less than 2%. The county when the proposal was on the table exaggerated the economic benefits the new stadium would bring. Their absurd estimate was $300 million in benefits. These multi-million benefits never manifested. The stadium deal Hamilton County signed with the Bengals is considered the most lopsided deal in favor of a team in NFL history. It was a bad decision that will ruin the fiscal health of the county until the maturity date of the bonds. Currently 1 of 7 residents in Hamilton County is living be low the federal poverty line. 2) Who had ultimate responsibility for the problems? The person that is ultimately responsible for this debacle is the mayor of Hamilton County. He selected a team of three negotiators that acted as puppets of the Bengals. There was corruption and collusion in this deal evidenced by the fact that one of the negotiators, Bob Bedinghaus, joined the Bengals organization in 2001 as the team’s director of business development. The mayor should have never approved the project and he should have been the person negotiating the deal. He delegated a function that he is supposed to perform. Now the damage is done and the taxpayers of Hamilton County are paying a hefty price. That money that is being wasted paying for the expenses of billionaires could have been used to help a community that has 14.28% of its population living in poverty. Other political leaders in Hamilton County should have stepped in and spoke out against this move. Only a few political leaders spoke out against the deal. If the majority of the political leaders would have formed an alliance against issuing the bonds this whole fiscal mess would have never occurred. 3) Discuss the ethical implications of what occurred. This case study is an example of an ethical dilemma regarding governmental spending. The taxpayers are crying wolf now, but when the deal was signed thousands of fans were happy both teams stayed in Cincinnati. The Bengals deal was horrific. It does not make any sense why the county and its mayor approved such a lopsided deal. Hamilton County paid for the entire cost of building the new stadium, they have the Bengals a preferential lease agreement, they let the team keep all the parking revenues and the city is paying for all the securities costs. Hamilton County under any circumstance could not afford to pay for these stadiums themselves. They needed the help of other nearby counties, the city, and the state. They did not receive their support. It w ould have been better to let the Bengals go and keep the Reds in town. The Bengals deal was the deal breaker that destroyed the finances of Hamilton country for decades. 4) Are there any internal control issues to be addressed? A preliminary audit performed by PricewaterhouseCoopers found that there were insufficient financial controls by the project managers. The location move was a bad idea that increased the cost of the project by $70 billion. The contract could have had stipulation that mandated the stadium be

Defining Public Relations Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining Public Relations Paper - Essay Example i. It is a managerial function that focuses on researching, communicating, interacting and establishing close relations with varied stakeholders of an organization in an ethical manner (Corbett). Mainly, this entails establishing an ample environment where all the stakeholders will benefit mutually through relations that they have constituted and achieve specific results. 2. It is a management function whose mandate encompasses evaluating public attitudes, identifying policies and methods either by an individual or corporation intended to safeguard public’s interest. This is to implement an already predetermined action aimed at earning both understanding and acceptance (Narasimha 4). 3. It is both an art and science that focuses on analyzing trends, forecasting their results and advising corporation managers before implementing predetermined programs of action that will safeguard both interests of the public and the corporation (Newsom & Haynes 4). Therefore, this implies the term despite having varied definitions, their implications are the same except the wording from one person’s perspective to another. However, there are some definitions that attach extra essence to public’s interests and the relationships in an organization that would lead to a good reputation evident in definitions 2 and 3. This is contrary to the definition 1 whose emphasis encompasses communication and understanding in an organization besides ensuring healthy relationship with the public. I think one of the reasons that have contributed to the emergency of numerous definitions of â€Å"Public relations† is due to the perception, which the mass media has created in the people’s minds Joosuk & Candace 319). This is especially in the mode of reporting whereby for the past decades, media has utilized the term in relation to negative connotations especially when expounding varied interactions between the society and the corporation

Meaning of Life and Br Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Br Essay Fabio Moon and Gabriel Ba illustrated a story through comics that represent different moods and feelings in a series titled Daytripper. Comic books are a form of art, and they provide the reader with a broad spectrum of topics. Artist express the world through colors, symbols, and themes to show feelings, thoughts, and ideas and this can be done through various forms of art, which includes comic books. The illustrations in comic books help to convey the meaning of the story. In Daytripper, Moon and Ba describe Bras de Oliva Domingo’s life and how choices produce outcomes both good and bad. At a young age Bras believes that anything is possible, and one never knows what is in store for him at the end. His philosophy in life are the same principles as in fishing as one casts a line the excitement builds because one never knows what is on the end of the line. Water is reoccurring in the story, and it symbolizes Bras de Oliva Domingo’s struggles to stay above water through his sea of memories of his life. In the beginning, Bras feels there are no boundaries and one can explore as many opportunities life has to offer. Life’s daily decisions shape the outcomes both good and bad. The purpose is to learn from ones past decisions and make changes improve our relationships and to be content with our lives in the end. The main character has ample opportunity to make changes along his journey for he experiences death at each phase of his life. Bras discovers endless possibilities from the seas from Iemanja, the spirit of the waters, in a dream they are riding in a boat through rough seas being tossed around with baskets that represent wishes and desires. Moon and Ba illustrate how in Bras dreams his lifes goals are laid out as he wishes. Just as water flows in and out, Bras dreams come in and out each night in his sleep. Bras flows through life just like water flows in and out never knowing where it will end up. Rougher waves represent new opportunities that continuously arise, but if one waits to long to take advantage of the opportunity then the waves may carry away the opportunity. As waves are continuously moving new chances will be present time and time again. Bras misses many opportunities because he is not willing â€Å"to go after his dreams† (203). His dreams tell him time is running out, and he needs to make the most of his opportunities. Each dream ends with â€Å"wake up before it’s too late† (203). Bras dreams about his possibilities and wishes he could take a chance to change his life, but he never does. Bras is just an observer in his dreams watching as the water passes by carrying the baskets. The dark colors and spirit of the waters are a main part of the artwork in the comic. Bras has responsibilities to his job and his wife, and he is content with both just cruising through each day. His life is similar to the ocean how the waves move along to the shore and effortlessly move back out to sea. He learns lessons along the way which he has no control and finds his wife frustrated with him from living a content and everyday life. Illustrations show water running full blast when they are not doing dishes or running any water. She later clinches the sink that is overflowing with water because Bras does not understand their life has joy and love. She wants her life to be less stressful so that the sink will stop overflowing. Just by Bras listening to his wife the water pressure will lessen, and the sink will not fill as quickly. Bras turns a deaf ear and does not listen, and the water just flows over the kitchen sink onto the floor. The overflow of water represents her stress, and he comes to realize he can help decrease the stress by making a few simple changes. She keeps trying to explain to him she cannot do it all on her own while he just sits there and listens. The overflow of water represents the burdens she feels by their life and needs Bras help to alleviate some of the daily pressures from her. As she pours him tea, the water flows up to the dining room table, and he finally understands her frustration over his laziness. At this point, Bras realizes by helping his family they will not be so overwhelmed and the water will stop overflowing. Just as the seas calm at times, Bras too feels tranquility at the end of his life. One late night he steps in the ocean and stares at the sky as it changes from dark and ordinary to a burst of stars symbolizing the calmness of the night. The peacefulness of the water helps Bras feel satisfied with his life. He feels at peace with his relationships with his dad, wife, and son. He smiles as he looks out on the calm ocean accepting his final destiny to be swept away by the sea. He stands in the water thinking for a long time accepting his fate, and the calm water represents he is at harmony with his life. The reader is left to complete his fate, which may just be Bras swimming out as far as he can until he the water carries him out to sea. The story connects water and life as a cycle that is continuously flowing. Water represents constant change just as one’s life changes through the years. Psychiatrists have used water for years as a representation of ones mind because the deeper you go the more problems one may see. The ocean represents power and strength and people have the same characteristics. Every day we make choices and some outcomes can be predicted and others cannot. The beauty of the ocean is the unknown and change and how the meaning relates to life. One can change their behavior and possibly the outcome may change. It all is part of the cycle of life. Works Cited Moon, Fabio and Gabriel Ba. Daytripper. New York: DC Comics, 2011.

How Brian Clark avoids Senintimentality in Whose life is it Anyway Essa

‘Whose life is it anyway?’ follows the story of ‘Ken Harrison’, a man who tries to exercise a choice over his own life or death after being completely paralysed from the head down. Harrison received these horrific injuries after being involved in a car accident 4 months before the story starts. He is now in constant care within the hospitals walls being treated and cared for by the medical profession. The play centres on Harrison’s determination to exercise a choice over his own life or death with the medical bureaucracy fiercely opposing. The play leads as he takes the medical staff to court to try and exercise this right officially. This play is seemingly unsentimental in which Harrison responds to his plight with wit and clarity and argues his case with power and persuasion. As this play focuses on ones mans wish to die and the issue of euthanasia we as the audience would expect the play to be very emotional. With the storyline, Clark could have easily made this play the opposite of what it actually is, powerful and fast moving. As Harrison had been though such a terrible ordeal we would expect him to be full of self pity and self indulgence and therefore make the play emotional and miserable. Ken is first seen in Act 1, the first impression he makes on the reader is one of a happy and untroubled man. ‘I used to dream of situations like this†¦ lying on a bed being massaged by two beautiful women.’ This is the first of many comical references Ken makes throughout the play, this is a very strong tool that Clarke uses to avoid sentimentality in his play. It shows that Ken isn’t self indulgent but rather making the best out of his current situation. He is expressing how he feels in the form of humour. This is less emotional than s... ...as purposely avoided. To asses how successful Clarke has been in bringing this serious issue to life we first need to consider our own right to personal choice. Clark has made it very obvious that our own personal choice can sometimes be defied by something as small as the medical bureaucracy. However he has also showed us that with determination, wit and clarity we can argue our right to make our own personal choice. Euthanasia is untimely a very sad issue which is normally dealt with sympathy and self indulgence, Clarke has brought this issue to life and has handled it exceptionally well, he has shown both the comical and sad sides to the debate without showing bias to any side. He has successfully avoided sentimentality in his play by using many different narrative tools such as comedy and rationality and has in the end stopped the play becoming over emotional.

Electronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care Case Study Essay

1.) Identify and describe the problem in this case. The problem in this case is medical record keeping. About 12 percent of healthcare spending goes towards medical recordkeeping. Medical records have been kept in files and folders, which causes difficulty in accessing and sharing information. This problem could be maintained with electronic medical systems. 2.) What people organization and technology factors are responsible for the difficulties in building electronic medical record systems? Explain your answer. Building an electronic medical record (EMR) system comes with difficulties. These difficulties include; people, organization and technology factors. The people factor in this involves, doctors, government agencies, insurance companies, and patients. For doctors the difficulty comes with the extended hours of training it will take for them to successfully use an EMR system. Doctors are already pressed for time and learning to successfully use an EMR system could take up to 20 hours of training. Government agencies play a big role in having a successful EMR system. The short term goal is for every medical facility to have an EMR system in place by the year 2015. The problem comes with the long term goal, of having a fully functioning EMR system nation wide. There are different systems that can be integrated into a medical facility, but not all of these different systems will be comparable with one another. This causes problems when it comes to nation wide accessibility. Insurance companies also play a role in EMR systems. With an EMR system claims will be able to be processed immediately. Another problem comes with people; some are worried about the confidentiality of online medical records. The organizations that are responsible in building an EMR system include many different health technology companies. These companies have developed many different health record structures. With all of these different structures available it puts limitations on the ability to become nation wide. While, this allows for medical facilities to have different options, it may not allow for it to become nationwide. This leads into the technology factor in building these systems. The technology within these different systems may not be compatible. Doctors and patients will have online access to there information within that facility, however it will limit what can be accessed with in other facilities. The goal is to make this work nation wide. With all of these different systems out there this is going to cause a huge barrier for this to happen. 3. What is the business, political, and social impact of not digitalizing medical records? Not digitalizing effects, physicians, hospitals, insurers, patients, and the US government. Physicians will continue to have to thumb through paper records if they do not digitalize medical records. This allows for error and the cost of time it takes to look through paper files. Having EMR systems gives the physician all the information they need regarding a patient at their fingertips. Hospitals will be able to reduce administrative and medical record keeping costs. With out an EMR system again errors are more likely to be made with in that hospital. Having paper files of medical records is no longer a reality. Insurers will continue to have the delay in processing claims, whereas with a digital system claims can be authorized in real-time. Patients will not be able to access medical records online and may cause error in what medications they need or are currently taking. As for the US government not digitalizing, this means continuing to have one of the highest costs for health care. 4. What is the business are social benefits of digitalizing medical record keeping? ​Going to an EMR system has countless benefits. It will allow for fewer errors for doctors and patients. All of the information will be at the fingertips of doctors and patients. Having this information that quick will allow for less time being spent thumbing through papers to look up past medical conditions or proper dosage. All the information will be right there for the doctor to see. Nothing will be overlooked because it’s at the bottom of some file, it will all just be there. In addition to this insurance claims will be processed right away. Healthcare cost could potentially be lowered because there wont be as many resources going to administrative and recordkeeping. If it becomes nationwide when people move to another state or go out of state for something, if they end up in a doctors facility all of there information is there. This allows for better more successful care for that individual. 5.) Are EMR systems a good solution to the problem of rising health care costs in the US? ​Healthcare cost will always be high. There is so much research and science within this field that the costs will never be low. However, having an EMR system can diffidently help. EMR systems will help the costs of health care in some ways. It may take time initially because of the training and implementation of the system, but in the long run it will reduce the cost of administrative and recordkeeping.

Chaser

Philosophy 6: Ethical Issues in Business Midterm Essay Chase Novak Dr. Parker Need or Greed? New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises Immanuel Kant-Kantian Deontology John Locke- The Justification of Private Property Adam Smith-Benefits of the Profit MotiveMilton Friedman- The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits Thesis: An examination of the case study New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises relies heavily on a keen understanding of the social and economic implications of a capitalist system, and once taken into account it is clear that Celgene Corp. is justified in raising prices based on the business market philosophies asserted by Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Emanuel Kant, and John Locke. Word Count: 1690Perhaps the most difficult situation in business arises when the indigent desire the product being sold. Political pressure is often put on the company to lower prices in order to accommodate the less fortunate consumer, however, this is in direct conflict with the company’s paramount goal of making the largest profit possible. Issues are increasingly complex given the supply-demand aspects of society and the incentive for production. For these reasons approaches to business that emphasize profit over availability can indeed help society in many ways.Upon the question of ethics one must view the entire market as a whole and the benefits of competition when deciding a fair price. An examination of the case study New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises relies heavily on a keen understanding of the social and economic implications of a capitalist system, and once taken into account it is clear that Celgene Corp. is justified in raising prices based on the business market philosophies asserted by Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Emanuel Kant, and John Locke.Celgene’s decision to raise prices is complex and though at first glance may appear to be fueled by greed it is in fact a necessary and beneficial step in Celgene’s continued production of the medicine thalidomide along with researching other medical advances. Celgene Corp. ’s decision to incrementally raise prices is justified by Adam Smith’s free market philosophy in which he describes competitive production as the main force behind societal development and improvement. Though there has been little affect to the cost of production for thalidomide, the nature of free market production dictated the rise in price.This, according to Smith is a natural element of the free market, â€Å"As every individual [†¦] endeavors as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value, every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can† (Donaldson, 167). In t his quotation, Smith is explaining how every individual’s personal strive for success, in the form of production, helps to improve society as a whole.If each individual’s ultimate goal is to increase their wealth, and if increased wealth is sought through improved production, then the competition for wealth will undoubtedly result in improved production. Improved production can mean either cheaper manufacturing, resulting in lower costs for the consumer, or a better product, which will also help society. Smith continues on to say that this competition is self-perpetuating and that the profit made off of production is reinvested to further improve manufacturing. Evidence of this can be observed in the Celgene Corp. aising of prices on thalidomide which resulted in, â€Å"The ability to [†¦] fund the pharmaceutical industry’s research and development programs, which bring new medicines to patients† (Donaldson, 151). This can be further proven by the fa ct that Celgene’s R&D department uses almost half of the company’s revenue (Donaldson, 154). In this example, Celgene is able to provide consumers with newer and more effective medication as a result of its competitive pricing of thalidomide. Though many critics of Celgene would call the corporation’s decision to raise prices a genuinely greedy and selfish act, Smith sees nothing wrong with such a move.On this issue Smith states that an individuals self-centered motives often improve society: â€Å"By pursuing his own interests he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it† (Donaldson, 167). Given Celgene’s perceived self-centered actions, Smith would note that this type of free market behavior is positive and is guided by an â€Å"invisible hand† which helps such behavior to be beneficial to society as a whole. The next philosopher to be examined would argue that the â€Å"invisible h and† that Smith speaks of is indeed separate from the political realm.Milton Friedman continues with Smith’s line of logic as he asserts that the chief concern of the businessman must be to make a profit under socially acceptable means and that the defining of â€Å"social responsibilities† must be left in the political sphere. Celgene’s chief executive, John Jackson, was the primary force behind the company’s decision to raise prices. Jackson’s actions are perfectly ethical according to Friedman who writes, â€Å"What does it mean to say that the corporate executive has a â€Å"social responsibility† in his capacity as a businessman?If this statement is not pure rhetoric, it must mean that he is to act in some way that is not in the interest of his employers† (Donaldson, 35). Jackson answers to a board that represents the stockholders of the company and it is his ethical obligation to them to make a profit. Celgene was losing m oney until 2002, which obviously necessitated an increase in price (Donaldson, 153). Jackson’s move to incrementally increase the price of thalidomide was not unethical because he has an obligation to stockholders to deliver a profit.Furthermore, Friedman asserts that it is not the corporate executive’s job to act as a moral entrepreneur as he is ill fit to do so. Friedman stresses that calls for executives to act â€Å"socially responsible† are unethical as socially impactful decisions, such as price adjustment, must be left up to publically elected officials with knowledge of the social and economic implications of such actions (Donaldson, 36). Friedman makes a vital point as it explains that the social responsibility falls on the public and its publically elected officials to enforce social justices through legislature.Therefore if the public desired Celgene to lower prices of thalidomide then it must require it to do so through law. Furthermore since no law exists requiring Celgene to sell thalidomide at a certain price, then Celgene is perfectly ethical and justified in raising its prices. If executives like Johnson adjusted prices according to their personal beliefs then huge portions of society would be heavily affected by such decisions and thus the public should reserve the right to solve such social dilemmas through democratic means in the form of law.Emanuel Kant’s philosophy of the â€Å"categorical imperative† also works to ethically justify the pricing of thalidomide by expressing the need for a universal standard of ethical practice. Though Kant would most likely desire a socialist utopia or at least complete universal healthcare, neither is realistic in the present day. In a Kantian society individuals would want free healthcare for everyone. No ethical issues would be in question if everyone received their entire healthcare for free.The result is a derived understanding of his categorical imperative, which ex plains a desired scenario in which on party acts onto another party in the same manner he himself wishes to be treated (Donaldson, 112). In this sense, under a capitalist system, Celgene is responding to the market by acting accordingly and raising its prices to increase production. The most basic element of ethics lies in John Locke’s philosophical explanation of product ownership and it works to prove Celgene’s right to raise its prices.At the very heart of business is the ownership of a private property which one elects to sell for a profit. According to Locke, God made the earth for man to exploit for his personal needs and thus it is logical that some men will not have common ownership of the land (Donaldson, 158). Locke’s philosophy on private property explains that man has the right to own property and that he alone can chose how to use his property. Using this justification, Celgene’s ownership of thalidomide entitles them to price it at any rate it sees reasonable.Moreover this justification is ethical because it comprises the sole force behind production. If corporations like Celgene cannot retain the right to ask for their own price for the products that they produce then there exists no incentive to produce. As a society we cannot force companies to produce essential information, technology, or medicine without an incentive. That is not how society works. Rather, our society is functions under an incentive-based system, which uses competition to provoke the best and brightest to produce the most important products for society’s use.If Celgene was made to sell their products at a price convenient for the consumer but crippling to the manufacturer then production would decline and society would falter. Thus to ensure continued production and quality corporations such as Celgene must be allowed to conduct business according to their best interests with regard to price. Society hinges on the expectation that companies will provide the food, goods, and medicine that it requires to function, however, certain elements must be in place in order to ensure the continued production of such commodities.As explained by Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Emanuel Kant, and John Locke, society is improved by a free market system in which revenue from production is poured back into production to result in the overall improvement of society as a whole. Though some may see a raise in price as unfair, one must view such circumstances from the standpoint of the corporation, as business is a constant back-and-forth between the consumer and producer.The overarching ethical theme of the case study focuses on the need to provide the medical sector with the necessary profits to continue its research and development programs in the efforts of advancing the entire field for the betterment of society. This is surely an ethical endeavor. Works Cited: Donaldson, Thomas, and Patricia Hogue. Werhane. Ethical Issues in Business a Philosophical Approach. Upper Saddle River (N. J. ): Prentice Hall, 2008. Print.

Biometrics and Ethics Essays

Biometrics and Ethics Essays Biometrics and Ethics Paper Biometrics and Ethics Paper Biometrics is essentially the statistical measure of biological beings. More simply it is a system which is used in identifying a person by verifying a physical or biological characteristic or attribute. The primary reason for its existence is to provide a single computer system login that can immediately detect fraudulent attempts to seek unauthorized access. It supersede other systems of protection as it relies solely on information gathered which is entirely individualistic and cannot be substituted. It is the application of technologies that make use of physical traits such as hand geometry, facial and voice recognition iris and retinal scans in order to verify or recognize a person identity. (BITE , n.d.) The role of biometrics extends further then one can imagine. Its unique characteristics have rendered it important in many domains of authentication and identification. The use of finger printing is used in police and investigative departments as well as the welfare programs so as to prevent people pooling money that they are not entitled to. The same method is applied to other entitlement programs such as health care , registration systems such as voting , drivers license etc. this purpose of its use serves all too well however it has its added disadvantages when it comes to banking transactions. Once a customer has already proved their identification their fingerprints which are stored in a database can be used to check their whereabouts and other personal information. What is worse it can be done without any authorization. It’s not important whether the data stored was for welfare registrations or bank machine access the same threat applies to both cases. If a certain person left their fingerprints in a night club where a crime scene takes place then he or she is more likely to get a call from the police. This is in the real sense an infringement of privacy. Fact of the matter is that this data is being used beyond its primary purpose (technology and human values, n.d.) Biometrics has by its very nature the capability to compromise privacy in the most adequate manner. The primary concern related to the use of biometrics is perhaps that of â€Å"function creep† which is the process whereby the original use of the data is widened to include purposes other than the one stated. A good example could be of using biometric data to find out about a persons medical history. Much work needs to be done in order to eradicate this unnerving problem that is discouraging the use of technology that is otherwise extremely beneficial. (CSSS policy brief, 2003) Numerous ethical concerns surround the use of biometrics and a significant number of people are weary of its use. Retina scans are relatively intrusive and the gathering of fingerprints has a negative image in the minds of many people as they associate it with criminal activities. Moreover the detailed gathering of biometric information by the police departments and other institutions has resulted in a loss of privacy and personal dignity. The automated face recognition could be used in public areas to track everyone’s movements without their consent or knowledge. Its also rather embarrassing that people get rejected in public if there is an error in detection. it makes them seem like a fraud who is deliberately trying to break access into someone else’s private information or account. Unfortunately not much has been done to safeguard the information of people the data is easily moved and duplicated electronic information that can be put the identity of any one person at jeopardy. Every move of a client or customer can be analyzed and by the time one goes to a store to shop the sales associate might as well have ones entire history of shopping. (Biometrics security and business ethics, n.d.) Another concern that is being recognized as far as biometrics is concerned is the increasing interdependence between technology and the human body which has come to be known as the â€Å"informatisation of the body†. Biometrics technologies are issues of serious concern and these concerns are being taken into account by many European states. There is deep rooted fear amidst the people that their personal information can be used by governments, employers, insurance companies, and other interest groups. (BITE, n.d.)

College Recommendation Letter Dos and Donts

College Recommendation Letter Dos and Donts Recommendation letters  provide college  admission committees  with information that may or may not be found in your application, including academic and  work achievements,  character references, and personal details that set you apart from other applicants. Essentially, a recommendation letter is a  personal reference  that explains why the school should recognize you, your achievements, and your character. Good vs. Bad Recommendation Letters A good recommendation letter is a must for any school application. During admissions, most colleges and universities- whether theyre reviewing the applications of undergraduate or graduate students- expect to see at least one, and often two or three, recommendation letters for each applicant. Just as a  good recommendation letter  can be an asset, a  bad recommendation letter  can be a hindrance. Bad letters dont do anything to supplement your application, and they may even make the difference between a well-rounded application and one that doesnt quite stand out among the droves of people who are applying to the same school. Recommendation Letter Dos Here are some dos to keep in mind when securing your recommendation letters: Do choose someone who likes you and knows you well enough to write you a strong recommendation.Do get recommendations from employers, professors, school administrators, and anyone else who is familiar with your work ethic.Do ask for the recommendation in person rather than sending an email (unless this is not possible).Do tell the letter writer why you need the recommendation letter. You dont want to end up with a work reference rather than an academic reference.Do mention specific things that you would like to see included. If you want the letter to focus on your extensive leadership experience, you should say so.Do proofread the letter; you dont want to submit a reference that is riddled with spelling or punctuation errors.  Do send a thank you note afterward. This is a nice, thoughtful, and classy touch and will be remembered by your recommender.Do keep multiple copies of the letter. You may need to use it again in the future, and you dont want to rely on your recommender to kee p a copy. Recommendation Letter Donts There are also some big mistakes you should try to avoid when securing your recommendation letters: Dont wait until the last minute. It takes time for a recommender to craft a strong letter.  Secure letters of recommendation as soon as possible.Dont ask someone to lie; you should aim for a truthful reference.Dont ever forge signatures. Your recommendation letter must be genuine.Dont choose someone only because of their title. Its more important to pick a recommender who knows you and your work well.Dont choose someone who is a poor writer. Letter writing is a lost art; not everyone is good at expressing themselves in the written word.Dont hesitate to get as many recommendation letters as possible. Choose the ones that show you in the best light.Dont be surprised if the person you are asking for a recommendation letter asks you to write a letter that they will later modify and sign. This is a common practice.Dont forget to say please and thank you. No one is entitled to a letter of recommendation; if you receive one, you should be grateful.

Write a ONE-PAGE essay, including a brief summary in the first half Essay

Write a ONE-PAGE , including a brief summary in the first half and your reflection in the second half - Essay Example The questions asked is whether the huge amount of money utilized since the 9/11 has been utilized well to curb terrorists and protect the life of the people in the United States of America (Hale, 3). Dana Priest traces the journey from the September 11 bombing to the Boston Marathon bombing as well as investigates the efforts taken by the federal agencies tasked with the mandate of keeping the citizens safe during the twelve years of battle against terrorism. The movie outlines the governments developed after the 9/11 for the purpose of preventing future attacks and hunting terrorism. The second video is about the Rise of ISIS. Martin Smith investigates the mistakes and the miscalculations behind the brutal rise of ISIS even after the final departure of the American troop from Iraq in 2011. The video is a fast flowing and dense narrative focused on the failure of the Shiite-led Iraq government to share power with the Sunni minority and failure of the United States government to act when the Sunni militant exploited the available situation for their own gain. The blame is quite directed on president Obama and the former Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al Maliki. It is only Martin Dempsey, the Joint chief of Staff’s chairman, who speaks in defense of the government and the Obama administration (Fuchis, 4). The interview is accompanied by a flood of images that will have numbing and mesmerizing effect. It shows bombings, steady montage of protests, disturbing militant video of serial executions as well as battle footage. Basing on the first video footage, I believe that the government has made numerous steps in controlling frequent terrorist attack following the September 11 bombing on the US soil. Despite the efforts done to combat terrorism, the government was not prepared during the second Boston attack (Fuchis, 4). The Boston marathon attack has raised so many questions on whether the government has done enough following